Description
Introduction: Comorbidities like diabetes, cardiac disease, hypertension, and respiratory issues, lead to increased hospitalization and mortality rates in COVID-19 patients. However, limited research has been conducted on the clinical characteristics and the relationship between diabetes and COVID-19 mortality in our setting. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and investigate the relationship between diabetes and COVID-19 mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients at a specialized hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Method: A retrospective observational chart review study was implemented, A total of 133 confirmed COVID-19 patients over the age of 18 years were included. Data from hospital-admitted COVID-19 patients were analyzed for the period from July 5, 2022, to August 30, 2022. Information regarding demographic factors, medical history, laboratory findings, and clinical outcomes were extracted from the patient’s chart and electronic records. SPSS version 25.0 software was used to analyze the data. The bivariant and multivariate binary logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Result: Among 133 COVID-19 patients studied, 74(56%) were male, and 43(32.3%) had diabetes mellitus. The mean age of participants was 52 ± 16 years, ranging from 19 to 94 years. The mean age in diabetic COVID-19 patients was 58 ± 14 years and for non-diabetic COVID-19 patients was 49 ± 17 years (P=0.005). The overall proportion of mortality was 22.6%, with higher mortality in Diabetic COVID-19 patients in comparison to non-diabetic COVID-19 patients (34.9% vs. 16.7%, p=0.021). A higher proportion of hypertension, difficulties in walking, fever, loss of consciousness, and elevated levels of biomarkers like HA1c, WBC, total bilirubin, C-reactive protein, and random blood sugar upon admission were observed in Diabetic COVID-19 patients, (p=0.006,0.037,0.001,0.043,0.008,0.005, and 0.005) respectively. Mean lymphocyte percentage and sodium level were significantly lower in diabetic COVID-19 patients, (p=0.014, and0.005). Multivariate logistic regression was analyzed to see the relationship between diabetes and mortality outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Age [1.4, 95% CI 0.55-3.68], Diabetes [OR 1.9, 95% CI 0.7-4.8]. Hypertension [2.4, 95% CI 0.9-6.0], cardiovascular disease [6.7, 95% CI 2.4-19.1], and asthma [5.6, 95% CI 0.9-33.4].
Conclusion: Patients with diabetes mellitus had a higher mortality proportion. Patients with diabetes mellitus had a higher mortality proportion. Several biomarkers indicate severity in diabetic COVID-19 patients. Close monitoring and specialized care for COVID-19 patients with certain clinical characteristics and diabetes are vital for improved
outcomes. Close monitoring and specialized care for COVID-19 patients with certain clinical characteristics and diabetes are vital for improved outcomes.
Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, diabetes mellitus, mortality, clinical characteristics
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