Description
Introduction : Prevention of transmission and effective surveillance and control strategies for Aedes-borne diseases are critical to reduce their burden and public health threat. However, conclusive evidence on the effectiveness of Aedes control methods in the sub-Saharan African (SSA) context, where arboviral surveillance is limited and the epidemiology of these infections is fragmented, is hard to find. Our review aims to assess the scope of the literature in the field of vector control (VC) of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in SSA to describe all interventions implemented and evaluated in SSA since 2000 and to identify and compare measures of entomological and/or epidemiological outcomes.
Methodology : Given the expected heterogeneity of VC studies, interventions, and outcomes, a scoping review was framed through the SPICE framework. Studies were selected from PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge databases and keywords for the search were identified, based on the specific mosquito population targeted by the intervention, the setting, and the outcomes of the intervention. Studies were exported to Covidence web-based software for duplicate evaluation, title/abstract screening, and full-text evaluation performed by two independent members. In case of disagreement, the two evaluators first discussed the case with each other, and if there was no agreement, a senior academic researcher was consulted. An evaluation of early results of the search criteria was requested to VC experts to identify possible grey literature. A single reviewer data extraction process is underway with a subsequent check. Relevant data, including the type of intervention, entomological and epidemiological outcomes, strengths and limitations of the study, will be presented in narrative, tabular, or visual format. The protocol has been published in the Zenodo repository available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8010539
Results and discussion : In March 2023, 3924 studies were selected and, after duplicates removal, 2707 were screened. Thirty-four studies were subjected to full-text evaluation. A final number of 8 papers were identified for data extraction : three papers from Burkina Faso and one paper each from Côte d'Ivoire, Sudan, Gabon, Ethiopia and Kenya. Two studies were performed during arbovirosis outbreaks with a pre and post intervention analysis while the other were performed in non-epidemic settings allowing for randomized controlled trials (4/8). The VC methods used were heterogeneous including chemical methods against both immature (2/8) and adult (4/8) stages of Aedes while in most studies environmental management involving community participation was implemented (6/8). Combination of methods was described in two cases. Data extraction is ongoing, and by May 2023 completion is planned, which includes evaluation of the effectiveness of the VC tools used.
Conclusions: Previous outbreaks of arbovirosis in SSA are at risk of being exacerbated by the effects of climate change and rapid urbanization. There is an urgent need to integrate into the literature the knowledge gained in the field on VC in SSA by also uncovering any gaps to pave the way for future integrated approaches for Aedes VC with full involvement of local communities.
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